# Tirzepatide References: Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links

> Tirzepatide references — the full citation list from this site's research summaries: SURPASS and SURMOUNT trials, mechanism studies, safety meta-analyses, and FDA-approved indication documentation.

## Tirzepatide references

All quantitative claims on this site are cited to the numbered source below. DOIs and PubMed URLs are included where available. Accessed via publicly available abstracts, full texts, and the FDA Drugs@FDA database.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[3] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[4] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[5] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[6] McGowan B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults. Nat Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41039116/
[7] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls). StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[8] Gao L, et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine as second-line or third-line therapy in type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region: the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial. Nat Med. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37231074/
[9] Tang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36569320/
[10] Kadowaki T, et al. Safety and efficacy of tirzepatide as an add-on to single oral antihyperglycaemic medication in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan (SURPASS J-combo). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914542/
[11] Yao H, et al. Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38286487/
[12] Safwan M, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in obese individuals without diabetes: a systematic review and meta analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40189856/
[13] Shen P, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with tirzepatide: A bibliometric and pharmacovigilance analysis. PLoS One. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41894422/
[14] Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cureus. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908927/
[15] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label, type 2 diabetes indication). FDA Drugs@FDA. 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[17] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls). StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[18] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[19] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes or obesity with a history of acute pancreatitis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332263/
[20] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569606/
[21] Galli M, et al. Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892610/
[22] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURPASS Clinical Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016573/
[23] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418085/
[24] Urva S, et al. The novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32519795/
[25] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/
[26] Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996180/
[27] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/
[28] Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40186344/
[29] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078870/
[30] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal in Adults With Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURMOUNT-4 Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284285/
[31] Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975852/
[32] Almansour HA, et al. Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis of FAERS Data (2022-2025). Healthcare (Basel). 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008391/
[33] et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41111833/
[34] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approval for chronic weight management (tirzepatide) - press announcement and label record. FDA News & Events. 2023. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management
[35] Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38912654/
[36] Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39555826/
[37] Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38856224/
[38] Campbell JE, et al. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss-chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37591245/
[39] Dani SS, et al. An Observational Study of Cardiovascular Outcomes of Tirzepatide vs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. JACC Adv. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40447342/

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Published trial numbers, plain and cited — not a clinic, not a prescription, not a vendor.